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Westmoreland County Public Schools |
| Earth and Space Science |
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Rocks: Types
The learner will be able to understand igneous, sedimentary, and/or metamorphic rocks (ES.6.a,b,c).
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Rocks: Types
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend how to recognize basic rock forms based on mineral composition and textures and the rock cycle as it is important to the changing of rock forms (ES.6).
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Rocks: Dating
The learner will be able to understand that superposition, cross-cutting relationships, and radioactive decay are ways of finding out the age of rock (ES.10.b).
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Rocks: Dating/Absolute
The learner will be able to understand that absolute and relative dating are used differently but can be utilized together to find out how old rocks and structures are (ES.10.c).
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Rocks: Earth's History
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that much of the history and evolution of the Earth and life is able to be interpreted by studying rocks and fossils (ES.10).
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Rocks: Life Traces
The learner will be able to understand that traces of old often extinct life can be preserved in many ways in various sedimentary rocks (ES.10.a).
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Rocks: Virginia
The learner will be able to understand that rocks and fossils from various geologic periods and epochs are located in Virginia (ES.10.d).
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Resources: Renewable/Nonrenewable
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend the variations between renewable and nonrenewable resources (ES.7).
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Resources: Types
The learner will be able to understand fossil fuels, minerals, rocks, water, and vegetation (ES.7.a).
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Earth: Plate Tectonics
The learner will be able to understand plate tectonics and the tectonic processes (ES.4.a; 8.c).
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Earth: Theories
The learner will be able to judge evidence for theories that deal with plate tectonics, the Earth's structure, the age of the Earth, and the origin of the Earth (ES.2.e).
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Geologic Processes: Explore
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend geologic processes including plate tectonics (ES.8).
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Water: States/Describe
The learner will be able to describe the three different states (liquid, solid, and gas) of water, while exploring the water cycle (ES.4.b).
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Water: Fresh Water/Sources
The learner will be able to recognize alternate sources of fresh water to include aquifers (ES.9.d).
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Water: Groundwater
The learner will be able to recognize groundwater zones including water table, zone of saturation, and zone of aeration (ES.9.c).
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Water: Quality/Understand/Human/Impact
The learner will be able to understand the impact of human usage on water quality (ES.9.e).
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Geologic Processes: Freshwater/Affected
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend the need for freshwater resources and how they are affected by geologic processes and human actions (ES.9.e).
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Geologic Processes: Features
The learner will be able to understand geographic processes and the surface features that result from them (ES.8.b).
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Geologic Processes: Virginia
The learner will be able to understand how geologic processes are shown in the physiographic provinces of Virginia including the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, and the Appalachian Plateau (ES.8.a).
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Soil: Formation
The learner will be able to explore how the breakdown of rock and other materials forms soil (ES.9.a).
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Geologic Processes: Karst Topography
The learner will be able to understand development of karst topography (ES.9.b).
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| Research and Inquiry |
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Investigations: Plan/Perform
The learner will be able to review experimental design where variables are assigned and explorations are formulated to test hypotheses. practice making hypotheses based on cause and efect relationships (BIO.1.c).
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Investigations: Plan/Perform/Technology
The learner will be able to plan and perform investigations where the correct technology is utilized for collecting and interpreting data and expressing results (BIO.1.i).
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Investigations: Plan/Perform
The learner will be able to plan and perform investigations where graphing and mathematical calculations are utilized as means for data interpretation (BIO.1.d).
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Investigations: Plan/Perform/Conclusions
The learner will be able to plan and perform investigations where conclusions are made on the basis of recorded quantitative and qualitative data (BIO.1.e).
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Investigations: Plan/Perform
The learner will be able to plan and perform investigations where alternative explanations and models are identified and interpreted (BIO.1.h).
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Investigations: Plan/Perform/Research
The learner will be able to plan and perform investigations where research is utilized on the basis of popular and scientific literature (BIO.1.j).
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| Life Science |
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Heredity: Laws
The learner will be able to predict inheritance of characteristics using Mendel's laws of inheritance and utilizing Punnett Squares. differentiate between dominant/recessive and genotype/phenotype (BIO.6.d).
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Protein Synthesis: Understand/Events
The learner will be able to understand the importance of DNA sequence in cells and the events that are necessary to make proteins BIO.6.f).
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Heredity: Protein Synthesis
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend the common ways that inheritance and protein synthesis take place (BIO.6).
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Heredity: DNA/Evolution
The learner will be able to investigate and understand the evolution and structure of DNA: double helix shape, nitrogenous base pairs (A<T<C<G), and 5-Carbon sugar/phosphate backbone (BIO.2.d).
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Heredity: Genetics/Mutations
The learner will be able to investigate and understand the impact of genetic recombination and mutation; karyotyping and genetic analysis (BIO.6.e).
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Heredity: DNA/Technology
The learner will be able to investigate the effect of DNA technologies in gene identification/modification and genetic engineering (BIO.6.g).
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| Physical Science |
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Atomic Structure: Modern Atomic Theory
The learner will be able to identify principal scientists including: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, Millikan, Neils Bohr, Mendeleev, Planck ,Heisenberg, and de Broglie, whom were responsible for discoveries and insights that have changed the model of the atom over time. This theory is also known as the Quantum Mechanical Model. (CH 2 i).
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Chemical Reactions: Molar Volume
The learner will be able to understand molar volume (CH.4.a).
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Chemical Reactions: Molar Relationships
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that quantities in chemical reactions are mandated by molar relationships (CH.4b-f).
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Chemical Reactions: Types
The learner will be able to understand chemical reaction types including synthesis, decomposition, single/double replacement, reduction/oxidation, neutralization, nuclear, exo/endothermic, spontaneous/nonspontaneous, and dissociation ionization (CH.3.e).
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Chemical Reactions: Rate/Understand
The learner will be able to understand reaction rate and kinetics including activation energy, catalysis, and degree of randomness (CH.3.g).
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Periodic Table: Tool
The learner will be able to understand that the periodic table is a tool utilized to explore isotopes, half-lives, nuclear particles, particle/mass charge, families, groups, series, periods, trends/patterns, atomic/nuclear radii, electronegativity, shielding effect, electron configurations, oxidation numbers, chemical/physical properties, and historical/quantum models. Differentiate between elements, compounds, heterogeneous mixtures, and homogeneous mixtures(solutions). (CH.2.b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i).
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Periodic Table: Atomic Numbers
The learner will be able to use the periodic table to find atomic numbers: atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons, neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and the average mass for each element is the weighted average of that element's naturally occuring isotopes (CH.2.a,b,c).
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Periodic Table: Atomic Mass
The learner will be able to use the periodic table to find and calculate atomic mass (CH.2.a).
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Periodic Table: Placement
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that the placement of elements on the periodic table is related to their atomic structure: review location, charge, and relative size of subatomic particles--electron,proton, and neutron (CH.2a,b,c).
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Matter: States of Matter/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize phase changes (CH.5.d).
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Matter: conversion units of measurements
The learner will be able to convert different SI units using the appropriate equipment for: volume, mass, temperature, pressure, etc. (CH. 5f).
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Matter: Mathematical manipulations
The learner will be able to investigate and understand mathematical manipulations such as scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis(CH. 1f,g).
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Properties of Matter:Chemical & phys
The learner will be able to identify the physical and chemical properties of matter, and to differentiate between elements, compounds, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. (CH. 2h).
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Atomic structure: isotopes
The learner will be able to understand that an isotope is a type of atom that has a different number of neutrons than some other atoms of the same element. There are some radioactive ions, but not all of them are this way. The measurement of the length of time needed to decay a radioactive isotope is known as the half-life (CH 2c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that investigations where variables are measured, interpreted, and judged, create observations and verifiable data (CH.1d,e).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Variables
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where multiple variables are changed repeatedly (CH.1.d).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Techniques
The learner will be able to understand designated lab techniques: filtering, decanting, using chromatography, lighting gas burners (CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Chemicals
The learner will be able to understand the safe utilization of chemicals and instruments including beaker, flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, test tube rack, test tube holder, ring stand, wire gauze, clay triangle, crucible with lid, evaporation dish, watch glass, wash bottle, and dropping pipette(CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Emergency
The learner will be able to understand how to properly react to emergency situations and safety equipment including aprons, goggles, gloves, fire extinguishers, fire blanket, safety shower, eye wash, broken glass container, and fume hood (CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Math
The learner will be able to understand mathematical manipulations in chemistry labs (CH.1.g).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Math
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where arithmetical and procedural error interpreting are done (CH.1.f).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Data
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where correct recording, ordering, precision in accuracy of true value of measurement, and interpretation of data is done through many trials (CH.1.d,e).
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Bonding,Nomenclature,and Formula Writing
The learner will be able to predict, draw, and name molecular shapes (linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral) (Ch 3 a,b,c).
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Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometric
The learner will be able to understand stoichiometric interactions through stoichiometric equations beginning with the 1 step process through the 3 step processes. CH.4.b).
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Chemical Reactions: Avogadro
The learner will be able to understand Avogadro's principle (CH.4.a).
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Chemical Reactions: Writing Formulas
The learner will be able to understand writing chemical formulas to include molecular, structural, empirical, diatomic molecules(oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen) and Lewis diagrams (CH.3.c).
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Chemical Reactions: Bonding
The learner will be able to understand bonding types including ionic and covalent (CH.3.d).
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Molecules: Polar and Nonpolar
The learner will be able to recognize polar and non-polar molecules (CH. 5g).
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