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Westmoreland County Public Schools |
| Physical Science |
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Atomic Structure: Modern Atomic Theory
The learner will be able to identify principal scientists including: Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, Millikan, Neils Bohr, Mendeleev, Planck ,Heisenberg, and de Broglie, whom were responsible for discoveries and insights that have changed the model of the atom over time. This theory is also known as the Quantum Mechanical Model. (CH 2 i).
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Chemical Reactions: Molar Volume
The learner will be able to understand molar volume (CH.4.a).
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Chemical Reactions: Molar Relationships
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that quantities in chemical reactions are mandated by molar relationships (CH.4b-f).
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Chemical Reactions: Types
The learner will be able to understand chemical reaction types including synthesis, decomposition, single/double replacement, reduction/oxidation, neutralization, nuclear, exo/endothermic, spontaneous/nonspontaneous, and dissociation ionization (CH.3.e).
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Chemical Reactions: Rate/Understand
The learner will be able to understand reaction rate and kinetics including activation energy, catalysis, and degree of randomness (CH.3.g).
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Bonding,Nomenclature,and Formula Writing
The learner will be able to predict, draw, and name molecular shapes (linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral) (Ch 3 a,b,c).
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Chemical Reactions: Stoichiometric
The learner will be able to understand stoichiometric interactions through stoichiometric equations beginning with the 1 step process through the 3 step processes. CH.4.b).
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Chemical Reactions: Avogadro
The learner will be able to understand Avogadro's principle (CH.4.a).
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Chemical Reactions: Writing Formulas
The learner will be able to understand writing chemical formulas to include molecular, structural, empirical, diatomic molecules(oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen) and Lewis diagrams (CH.3.c).
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Chemical Reactions: Bonding
The learner will be able to understand bonding types including ionic and covalent (CH.3.d).
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Molecules: Polar and Nonpolar
The learner will be able to recognize polar and non-polar molecules (CH. 5g).
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Chemistry: Principles
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend how common chemical principles apply to other areas in chemistry (CH.6a-c).
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Chemistry: Nuclear
The learner will be able to understand nuclear chemistry (CH.6.b).
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Chemistry: Environmental
The learner will be able to understand environmental chemistry (CH.6.c).
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Chemistry: Organic/Biochemistry
The learner will be able to understand organic and biochemistry (CH.6.a).
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Periodic Table: Tool
The learner will be able to understand that the periodic table is a tool utilized to explore isotopes, half-lives, nuclear particles, particle/mass charge, families, groups, series, periods, trends/patterns, atomic/nuclear radii, electronegativity, shielding effect, electron configurations, oxidation numbers, chemical/physical properties, and historical/quantum models. Differentiate between elements, compounds, heterogeneous mixtures, and homogeneous mixtures(solutions). (CH.2.b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i).
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Periodic Table: Atomic Numbers
The learner will be able to use the periodic table to find atomic numbers: atomic number of an element is the same as the number of protons, neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and the average mass for each element is the weighted average of that element's naturally occuring isotopes (CH.2.a,b,c).
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Periodic Table: Atomic Mass
The learner will be able to use the periodic table to find and calculate atomic mass (CH.2.a).
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Periodic Table: Placement
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that the placement of elements on the periodic table is related to their atomic structure: review location, charge, and relative size of subatomic particles--electron,proton, and neutron (CH.2a,b,c).
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Matter: States of Matter/Recognize
The learner will be able to recognize phase changes (CH.5.d).
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States of Matter: Molar Heat
The learner will be able to understand molar heats of fusion and vaporization (CH.5.e).
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Phases of matter & energy contents
The learner will be able to understand that solid, liquid, and gas phases of different substances will have varying energy contents (CH.5f).
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States of Matter: Kinetic Theory
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that the states of matter are described by kinetic theory and attractive forces between particles (CH.5d).
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States of Matter: Specific Heat
The learner will be able to understand specific heat capacity (CH.5.f).
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States of Matter: Colligative
The learner will be able to understand colligative characteristics (CH.5.h).
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Matter: conversion units of measurements
The learner will be able to convert different SI units using the appropriate equipment for: volume, mass, temperature, pressure, etc. (CH. 5f).
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Matter: Mathematical manipulations
The learner will be able to investigate and understand mathematical manipulations such as scientific notation, linear equations, graphing, ratio and proportion, significant digits, and dimensional analysis(CH. 1f,g).
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Properties of Matter:Chemical & phys
The learner will be able to identify the physical and chemical properties of matter, and to differentiate between elements, compounds, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures. (CH. 2h).
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Atomic structure: isotopes
The learner will be able to understand that an isotope is a type of atom that has a different number of neutrons than some other atoms of the same element. There are some radioactive ions, but not all of them are this way. The measurement of the length of time needed to decay a radioactive isotope is known as the half-life (CH 2c).
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Acids and Bases: Theory
The learner will be able to understand the theories on acids and bases including strong/weak electrolytes, dissociation/ionization, titration, activation energy, pH, and pOH (CH.4.g).
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Solutions: Understand
The learner will be able to understand that a solution is a solute that is dissolved in solvent. (CH.5.g).
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Solutions: Concentration/Knowledge
The learner will be able to show that s/he knows that concentration is the amount of solute in moles per number of liters of solution (CH.4.e).
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Solution: equation and its units
The learner will be able to use the equation: Molarity(M) = moles of solute divided by volume in liters(L) of solution (CH4f).
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Equations: Conservation of Matter
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend how conservation of energy and matter is shown in chemical formulas and balanced equations (CH.3d).
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Equations: Nomenclature
The learner will be able to understand nomenclature (CH.3.a).
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Equations: Balancing
The learner will be able to understand balancing equations (CH.3.b).
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Equilibria: Chemical and Physical
The learner will be able to understand chemical and physical equilibrium (CH.3.f).
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Equilibria: Chemical
The learner will be able to understand chemical equilibrium (CH.4.f).
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Equilibria: Oxidation States
The learner will be able to recognize that all of the transition metals can have more than one oxidation states (CH. 2g).
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Gases: Laws/Knowledge
The learner will be able to show that s/he knows gas laws and can state the following: Boyle's Law, Dalton's Law, Charles' Law, and Ideal Gas Law ((CH.4.c,d).
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Forces: Pressure/Temperature and Volume
The learner will be able to understand pressure, temperature, and/or volume and identify the forces of attraction as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole attraction, and van der Waals forces (CH.5.a,b,c).
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Forces: Pressure/Partial
The learner will be able to understand partial pressure (CH.4.c, CH.5.c).
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Forces: Vapor Pressure
The learner will be able to apply an understanding of vapor pressure (CH.5.b).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry
The learner will be able to explore and comprehend that investigations where variables are measured, interpreted, and judged, create observations and verifiable data (CH.1d,e).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Variables
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where multiple variables are changed repeatedly (CH.1.d).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Techniques
The learner will be able to understand designated lab techniques: filtering, decanting, using chromatography, lighting gas burners (CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Chemicals
The learner will be able to understand the safe utilization of chemicals and instruments including beaker, flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, test tube rack, test tube holder, ring stand, wire gauze, clay triangle, crucible with lid, evaporation dish, watch glass, wash bottle, and dropping pipette(CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Emergency
The learner will be able to understand how to properly react to emergency situations and safety equipment including aprons, goggles, gloves, fire extinguishers, fire blanket, safety shower, eye wash, broken glass container, and fume hood (CH.1.a,b,c).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Math
The learner will be able to understand mathematical manipulations in chemistry labs (CH.1.g).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Math
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where arithmetical and procedural error interpreting are done (CH.1.f).
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Laboratory Skills: Chemistry/Data
The learner will be able to conduct investigations where correct recording, ordering, precision in accuracy of true value of measurement, and interpretation of data is done through many trials (CH.1.d,e).
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